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Ilham Tohti
Ilham Tohti (; ; born October 25, 1969) is a Uyghur economist serving a life sentence in China, on separatism-related charges.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC News - China jails prominent Uighur academic Ilham Tohti for life )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Uighur scholar Ilham Tohti sentenced to life in jail by Chinese court )〕 He is known for his research on Uyghur-Han relations and is a vocal advocate for the implementation of regional autonomy laws in China, and was the host of ''Uyghur Online'', a website that discusses Uyghur issues. Tohti was detained shortly after the July 2009 Ürümqi riots by the authorities because of his criticism of the Chinese government's policies toward Uyghurs in Xinjiang. He was later released and then jailed again in January 2014. For his work in the face of adversity he was awarded the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award (2014).
==Background==
Tohti was born in Artush, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, on October 25, 1969,〔 the son of Mahmud Tiernan Tohti (b. January 25, 1937 in Artush, Xinjiang Uyghur) and Burhanduxt Meryem Ehlin Tohti (b. October 11, 1941 in Bole, Xinjiang Uyghur). He graduated from the Northeast Normal University and the Economics School at what was then called the Central Nationalities University, now named Minzu University of China, in Beijing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Radio Free Asia "> url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/Tohti-07082009151608.html )〕
In 2006 Tohti founded a website called, ''Uyghur Online'', which published articles in Chinese and Uyghur on social issues.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】Radio Free Asia "> url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/tohti-03062009130647.html )〕 In mid-2008 authorities shut down the website, accusing it of forging links to extremists in the Uyghur diaspora.〔 In a March 2009 interview with Radio Free Asia, Tohti criticized the Chinese government's policy to allow migrant workers into Xinjiang Uyghur and the phenomenon of young Uyghur women moving to eastern China to find work.〔 In addition, he criticized Xinjiang Uyghur Governor Nur Bekri for "always stress() the stability and security of Xinjiang" instead of "car() about Uyghurs",〔 calling for a stricter interpretation of China's 1984 Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law.〔 That same month, Tohti was detained by authorities, accused of separatism, and interrogated.〔
After being jailed for life in September 2014 Wang Lixiong wrote in a twitter message that China had created in Ilham Tohti "a Uighur Mandela".〔(【引用サイトリンク】ABC News "> url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/uighur-scholar-china-appeal-life-sentence-25718850 )〕 The Chinese News Agency Xinhua dismissed the comparison writing that "()hile Mandela preached reconciliation, Ilham Tohti preaches hatred and killing." 〔(【引用サイトリンク】xinhuanet "> url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-09/24/c_133668400.htm )〕
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